United States of America – Marines

NAS = Naval Air Station

Last update 17-01-2024

The only Marines Northrop F-5 equipped Squadron has been the VMFT-401 based at NAS Yuma (a reserve unit mainly manned by reservists), originally attached to the Marine Aircraft Wing 4 (MAW-4).
The Squadron was transferred to Marine Aircraft Group 46 (MAG-46) by 01-10-97, being transferred to the MAG-41 in June 2009 due to the dissolution of MAG-46.

Before that one Northrop F-5E (BuN 160794, bore number 545) received the "Marines" inscription on its fuselage but this was not attached to an US Marines unit but to the Fighter Weapons Squadron (USAF); it wasfirst reported at Oceana NAS on 03-05-80, last in March 1987 (possibly 1989). The inscription was changed to "Navy" later on (when?).

Photo: US National Archives
F-5E BuN 160784 (in 11-94) with its fiercest opponent: the Grumman F-14A on 03-11-84
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Fighter Training Squadron 401 (VFMT-401) "Snipers"

This was formerly equipped with 13 Kfirs C.1 (locally designated F-21A) on loan; it returned them to Israel by September 22nd, 1989. The first own Northrop F-5E arrived at Yuma NAS on 13-04-89; the base housed
on 26-04-89 at least 11 former USAF Northrop F-5E, still in the serials and colours of its former operator; its first tactical sortie was flown in June 1989. The majority of the missions were flown in the desolate,
sparsely populated ranges near NAS Yuma

The exact equipment was as follows: 01-10-88 13 F-21A Kfir/ 01-10-89 12 Northrop F-5E, 1 Northrop F-5F attached to Marine Air Wing 4. The equipment remained the same till 01-10-98 as well as (at least) till
January 2002.

Photo: seeaforces organisation
Northrop F-5E 741540 codex 09 over the Yuma desert, together win IAI F-21A Kfir codex 01 in 10-89

The unit was attached on 01-10-97 to Marine Air Group 46, always at Yuma.

Northop f-5E serial 7300881 in unusual dark green/brown/sand colours in September 1998 Sand/brown tiger coloured serial 73885 NAS Yuma 19-11-03.

Its role has been advanced training of fixed and rotary-wing Marines crews as a threats replicator, supporting fighter/attack Marine Corps Aviation Squadrons in air combat training and combat against attack helicopters.
Missions have been mainly flown in the sparsely populated ranges near Yuma NAS, but the unit often deploys to other Marines Stations; in 1990 to MCAS Beaufort and Cherry Point already. This year was an very active
one, preparing other units for the pending Persian Gulf war.

June 30th, 2004 saw the arrival of the first modified ex Swiss AF Northrop F-5N; it was foreseen to have a strength of 13 Northrop F-5N and keep them operational till 2020.

By 1995 it had accumulated 35'000 flight hours and 31'000 sorties without accidents, an 74 percent mission capable rate was reached in 1996; between 05-10-95 and 2006 it had flown another 47'000 sorties and
40'000 sorties accident free; by 2002 the Squadron deployed to other bases 3 to 6 times a year and participated to 16 to 20 individual training exercises, logging about 3'900 flight hours during approximately 4'700
sorties; 50'000 flight hours, accident free, were reached by July 2010.

As an additional activity by two VMFT-401 crews has been excerciting with Moroccan pilots, teaching them air-refuelling between September 10th and 21st 2007 during exercises "African Lion" .

The aircrafts are painted in a wide variety of paint schemes; about 20 pilots include active duty, active and part-time reservists.

Main problem with the Northrop F-5 is that the aircraft is inferior to modern-day fighters; it is often at a disadvantage in maneuverability and onboard systems capability, making pilots' experience paramount.
These try to force trainee to make mistakes and learn to fight from the mistake.

The first of former Swiss Northrop F-5N was delivered on 30-06-04, (2 in 2003) totalling 9 aircrcrafts by 2005; one Northrop F-5F and 11 Northrop F-5N were foreseen to be in service during Fiscal Year 2013
(replacing old aircrafts one-by-one) to partially improve the situation, keeping the new aircrafts in service till 2020. The earlier version Northrop F-5E was retired to various museums.

By the end of 2009 a unit strength of 13 aircrafts and twenty pilots was authorised. By end 2019 there were 11 Northrop F-5N an 1 Northrop F-5F, maintenance was provided by the civilian company Pacific
Architecs and Engineers.

Photo: unknown

Northrop F-5F 761586/00 with special tail colours and inscription Squadron call sign
"SNIPERS" on fuselage in February 2012, seen for the first time on 04-10-11

For the first time in nearly 18 years, 5 Northrop F-5N from VMFT-401 were based at Cherry Point (N.Carolina) for less than two weeks during August 2012 to train VMA-223 in air-to-air combat.
December 2016 (02nd to 11th) saw the aircrafts based at MCAS Beaufort to train VMFAT-501 also in air-to-air training. They provided 4-to-4 sorties each day, totalling 8 sorties.

First Northrop F-5N serial 761546 code 04 seen at MCAS Yuma on 02-03-16. Photo: Daniel Bader Line-up of in 2021 of Northrop F-5N in variious colours Photo: US Marines

Plans have been considered to establish a detachment at MCAS Beaufort to support F-35 training; twelve additional Northrop F-5 are planned plus up to 24 turboprop light attack platforms. The Training Squadron
should be based at several MRINW bases: Cherry Point, Beaufort, Miramar and Yuma MCAS each using six of each aircraft type.

Photo: seeaforces organisation
Former Swiss Northrop F-5F serial 761586, code 00 seen at Yuma NAS with special design VMFT-401 tail

Beginning 2022 the Squadron was still equipped with 11 Northrop F-5N and 1 Northrop F-5F, upgrading to 11 Northrop F-5N+ and 1 Northrop F-5F+ when these will be available.
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Fighter Training Squadron 402 (VFMT-402)

A second adversary Squadron for the US Marines unit is foreseen to be established in the East Coast of USA, at Beaufort (N Carolina) during the Fiscal Year 2023. It is planned be equipped initially with 3 Northrop F-5N+,
to be increased to 8 Northrop F-5N+ and 2 Northrop F-5F+, when avaiable. One two-seater hadd aleardy the inscription VMFT-402 as April 2022. First Tiger flight of the unit is foreseen beginning 2024.
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